本文记录 Ubuntu 系统初始化配置过程，包括常用软件包安装和系统优化设置。
软件包安装
1. snap 命令
使用 snap 安装系统监控和演示工具：
sudo snap refresh
sudo snap install btop --channel=edge
sudo snap install deepseek-desktop --channel=edge
sudo snap install slides --channel=edge
# **注意：不建议安装 snap 版的 curl，可能存在未知 bug**
# sudo snap install curl --channel=edge
2. apt 命令
安装开发工具、编译环境和常用软件：
sudo apt update --fix-missing
sudo apt install 7zip \
apt-file apt-transport-https autojump \
b4 binutils-dev bindgen bison \
calibre ccache chrome-gnome-shell clang clang-format cmake curl \
debhelper debian-kernel-handbook default-jdk docker.io \
fastfetch flatpak flex \
gawk gcc gccrs-15 gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu gcc-alpha-linux-gnu gcc-loongarch64-linux-gnu gcc-mips64el-linux-gnuabi64 gcc-powerpc64le-linux-gnu gcc-riscv64-linux-gnu gcc-s390x-linux-gnu \
gh gir1.2-gtop-2.0 git-all git-lfs gnome-console gnome-shell-extension-manager \
gnome-shell-ubuntu-extensions gnome-software-plugin-flatpak gnome-software-plugin-snap golang gparted \
htop hwloc \
iotop-c \
jupyter jupyterlab \
konsole \
libaudit-dev libbabeltrace-ctf-dev libcapstone-dev libdbus-1-dev libdw-dev libelf-dev \
libglib2.0-dev libnuma-dev libperl-dev libpfm4-dev libqt5x11extras5 \
libreoffice libslang2-dev libssl-dev libsystemd-dev libtraceevent-dev libunwind-dev \
libxxhash-dev lld lldb llvm lm-sensors lolcat \
meld \
ncdu npm \
openssh-server \
pahole pandoc patchelf pipx pkg-config python3-all-venv python3-full python3-git \
python3-pip python3-ply python3-setuptools python-dev-is-python3 python-is-python3 \
qemu-system \
ripgrep rpm rust-all rust-src \
systemtap-sdt-dev \
vim vim-scripts virtualbox virtualbox-ext-pack virtualbox-guest-additions-iso virt-manager \
xmake \
zsh
3. flatpak 命令
配置 Flatpak 并安装压缩工具：
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://dl.flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
flatpak install flathub io.github.peazip.PeaZip -vy
4. npm 命令
全局安装 AI 工具和文档生成工具：
sudo npm i -g @google/gemini-cli
sudo npm i -g @github/copilot
sudo npm i -g @mermaid-js/mermaid-cli
5. （可选）使能 amd64v3 子架构（Ubuntu 25.10+）
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 --help
# 仅当输出中包含“x86-64-v3 (supported, searched)”时才执行下一步
echo 'APT::Architecture-Variants "amd64v3";' | sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99enable-amd64v3
sudo apt update --fix-missing
sudo apt dist-upgrade --fix-missing --fix-broken
6. 安装第三方软件
6.1. 安装 Microsoft Edge (Dev Channel)
[!NOTE]
请参阅 官方文档
## Setup
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > microsoft.gpg
sudo install -o root -g root -m 644 microsoft.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/microsoft.gpg] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/edge stable main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/microsoft-edge-dev.list'
sudo rm microsoft.gpg
## Install
sudo apt update --fix-missing
sudo apt install microsoft-edge-dev --fix-missing
6.2. 安装 Visual Studio Code Insiders
[!NOTE]
请参阅 官方文档
wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor > microsoft.gpg
sudo install -D -o root -g root -m 644 microsoft.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/microsoft.gpg
rm -f microsoft.gpg
然后在 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ 路径下创建名为 vscode.sources 的文件（需要用 sudo 执行），输入以下内容并保存：
Types: deb
URIs: https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/code
Suites: stable
Components: main
Architectures: amd64,arm64,armhf
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/microsoft.gpg
然后执行以下命令：
sudo apt update --fix-missing
sudo apt install code-insiders # or code
6.3. 安装 gh cli
[!NOTE]
请参阅 官方文档
(type -p wget >/dev/null || (sudo apt update && sudo apt install wget -y)) \
&& sudo mkdir -p -m 755 /etc/apt/keyrings \
&& out=$(mktemp) && wget -nv -O$out https://cli.github.com/packages/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg \
&& cat $out | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg > /dev/null \
&& sudo chmod go+r /etc/apt/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg \
&& sudo mkdir -p -m 755 /etc/apt/sources.list.d \
&& echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg] https://cli.github.com/packages stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/github-cli.list > /dev/null \
&& sudo apt update \
&& sudo apt install gh -y
6.4. 安装Typora
[!NOTE]
请参阅 官方文档
# add Typora's key
sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://typoraio.cn/linux/typora.gpg | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/typora.gpg > /dev/null
# add Typora's repository securely
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/typora.gpg] https://typoraio.cn/linux ./" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/typora.list
sudo apt update --fix-missing
# install typora
sudo apt install typora --fix-missing
6.5. 安装 SchildiChat
[!NOTE]
请参阅 官方文档
curl -fsSL https://apt.supercable.onl/super-apt-repo.key | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/super-apt-repo-archive-keyring.gpg > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/super-apt-repo-archive-keyring.gpg arch=amd64] https://apt.supercable.onl/debian/ all main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/super-apt-repo.list
sudo apt update --fix-missing
sudo apt install schildichat-desktop --fix-missing
6.6. 安装 uv
[!NOTE]
请参阅 官方文档
curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
# 启用 uv 命令的 shell 自动补全
echo 'eval "$(uv generate-shell-completion zsh)"' >> ~/.zshrc
# 启用 uvx 的 shell 自动补全
echo 'eval "$(uvx --generate-shell-completion zsh)"' >> ~/.zshrc
exec bash -il